ICA UNIVERSITY© : Ambassadors

ICA UNIVERSITY PEACE AMBSSADORS

ICA University Certification & Appointment Charter approves appointment of ICA University Peace Ambassadors in seven regions consisting of the following 37 Districts in Tamil Nadu to start with.

S.NoDistrict NameDistrict Head QuartersArea (Sq.Km)Population(as per Census 2011)

Ariyalur

1,940.00

7,54,894

Chengalpet

Chengalpattu

2944.96

25,56,244

Chennai

178.20

46,46,732

Coimbatore

4,723

34,58,045

Cuddalore

3,678

26,05,914

Dharmapuri

4497.77

15,06,843

Dindigul

6266.64

21,59,775

Erode

8161.91

22,51,744

Kallakurichi

3520.37

13,70,281

Kancheepuram

Kanchipuram

1655.94

11,66,401

Karur

2,895.57

10,64,493

Krishnagiri

5143

18,83,731

Madurai

3741.73

30,38,252

Nagapattinam

2715.83

16,16,450

Kanyakumari

Nagercoil

1672

18,70,374

Namakkal

3368.21

17,26,601

Perambalur

1,757

5,65,223

Pudukottai

Pudukkottai

4663

16,18,345

Ramnathapuram

Ramanathapuram

4068.31

13,53,445

Ranipet

2234.32

12,10,277

Salem

5205

34,82,056

Sivagangai

4,086

13,39,101

Tenkasi

2916.13

14,07,627

Thanjavur

3396.57

24,05,890

Theni

3,066

12,45,899

Thiruvallur

3422.43

37,28,104

Thiruvarur

2,161

12,64,277

Tuticorin

Thoothukudi

4,621

17,50,176

Trichirappalli

Tiruchirappalli

4,407

27,22,290

Thirunelveli

Tirunelveli

3842.37

16,65,253

Tirupathur

1792.92

11,11,812

Tiruppur

5186.34

24,79,052

Thiruvannamalai

Tiruvannamalai

6,191

24,64,875

The Nilgiris

Udagamandalam (Ootacamund)

2452.50

7,35,394

Vellore

2080.11

16,14,242

Viluppuram

3725.54

20,93,003

Virudhunagar

4288

19,42,288

Source : Tamil Nadu Government - https://www.tn.gov.in/district_view

The following are the seven Regions:

1. Interior South Tamil Nadu

2. Central South Tamil Nadu

3. Fringe to Sothern Districts

4. Chennai Region

5. Coimbatore Region

6. Salem Region

7. Coastal Region of Tamil Nadu

CHAPTER IV

GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE

IMPORTANT COUNTRY'S CAPITAL. CURRENCY AND LANGUAGE
S.No.	Country	Capital	Currency	Language
1.	Afghanistan	Kabul	Afgani AFS	Pushtu
2.	Albania	Tirana	Lek	Albanian
3.	Algeria	Algiers	Dinar	Arabic & French
4.	Andorra	Andorra-la-Vieille	French	Catalan
5.	Angola	Luanda	Kwanza	Portuguese
6.	Antigua & Barbuda	St. John's	Dollar	English, Patois
7.	Argentina	Buenos Aires	Peso	Spanish
8.	Australia	Canberra	Australian Dollar	English
9.	Austria	Vienna	Euro	German
10.	Bahamas	Nassau	Dollars	English
11.	Bahrain	Manama	Dinar	English, Arabic
12.	Bangladesh	Dhaka	Taka	Bengal, Bihari
13.	Barbados	Bridge Town	Barbados - dollar	English
14.	Belgium	Brussels	Euro	Dutch, French
15.	Belize	Belmopan	Dollar	English
16.	Benin	Portonovo	French Franc	French
17.	Bermuda	Humilton	Bermuda Dollar	English
18.	Bhutan	Thimphu	Ngultrum	Nepali, Dzongkha
19.	Bolivia	Lapaz	Boliviano	Spanish
20.	Botswana	Gaborone	Pula	English, Setswana
21.	Brazil	Brasilia	Cruzeiro	Portuguese
22.	Bruenei	Bander Seri Begawan	Brunei dollar	Malay, Chinese
23.	Bulgaria	Sofia	Lev	Bulgaria, Turkish
24.	Burkina, Faso	Ougadougou	France CFA	French
25.	Burundi	Bujumbra	Burundi Franc	French, English
26.	Cameroon	Yaounde	France CFA	French, English
27.	Canada	Ottawa	Dollar	English, French
28.	Cape Verde	Praia	Escudo Caboverdianos	Portugueze
29.	Central African Republic	Bangui	Franc CFA	French, Sangho
30.	Chad	N. Djamena	France CFA	French, Arabic
31.	Chile	Santiago	Peso	Spanish
32.	China	Beijing	Yuan	Chinese, Mongol
33.	Colombia	Bogota	Peso	Spanish
34.	The Comoros	Moroni	Comorian Franc	Comoran
35.	Costa Rica	San Jose	Colon	Spanish
36.	Cuba	Havana	Peso	Spanish
37.	Cyprus	Nicosia	Cyprus-pound	Turkish, Greek
38.	Czen Republic	Prague	Czechcrown	Czech
39.	Denmark	Coperhagem	Krone	Danish
40.	Djibouti	Djibouti	Djibouti-Franc	Somali, French
41.	Dominica	Roseau	Dollar	English, French
42.	Ecuador	Quito	Sucre	Spanish
43.	Egypt	Cairo	Pound	Arabic
44.	Elavador	Sansalvador	Colon	Spanish
45.	Equatorial-Guinea	Malabo	Franc CFA	Spanish, Fang
46.	Ethiopia	Addisabada	Birr	Amharic, English
47.	Fiji	Suva	Dollar	Fijian, English
48.	Finland	Helsinki	Euro	Finnish, Swedish
49.	France	Pairs	Euro	French
50.	Gabon	Librevile	Franc CFA	French
51.	Germany	Berlin	Euro	German
52.	Ghana	Accra	Cedi	English
53.	Greece	Athens	Euro	Modern, Greek
54.	Grenada	St. George's	Dollar	English, French
55.	Guatemala	Guatemalacity	Quetzal	Spanish
56.	Guinea	Conakry	Guinea Franc	French
57.	Guinea-Bissau	Bissau	Peso	Crioulo
58.	Guyana	Georgetown	Dollar	English, Urdu
59.	Haiti	Portu-au-Prince	Gourde	Portuguese
60.	Honduras	Tegucigalpa	Peso	Spanish
61.	Hong Kong	Victoria	Hongkong Dollar	English, Cantonese
62.	Hungary	Budapest	Forint	Hungarian
63.	Iceland	Reykjavik	Krona	Icelandic
64.	India	New Delhi	Rupees	Hindi, English and 18 official languages
65.	Indonesia	Jakarta	Rupiah	Bahasa Indonesian
66.	Iran	Tehran	Rial	Persian
67.	Irag	Baghdad	Dinar	Arabic (official)
68.	Israel	Jerusalem	Shekel	Hebrew, Arabic
69.	Ireland	Dublin	Euro	Irish, English
70.	Italy	Rome	Euro	Italian
71.	Ivory Coast	Abid Jan	France CFA	French, Tribal
72.	Jamaica	Kingston	Dollar	English
73.	Japan	Tokyo	Yen	Japanese
74.	Jordan	Amman	Dinar	Arabic
75.	Kampuchea	Phonm-Penh	Riel	Khmer
76.	Kenya	Nairobi	Shilling	Kiwahili
77.	Korea (North)	Pyongyang	Won	Korean
78.	Korea (South)	Seoul	Won	Korean
79.	Kuwait	Kuwait City	Dinar	Arabic, English
80.	Laos PDR	Vientiane	Kip	Lao, Tribal
81.	Lebanon	Beirut	Pound	Arabic
82.	Lesotho	Maseru	Maloti	English, Sesotho
83.	Liberia	Monrovia	Dollar	English, Tribal
84.	Libya	Trilpoli	Dinar	Arabic
85.	Luxembourg	Luxembourg ville	Euro	French
86.	Macao	Macao	Pataca	Portuguese, Cantonese
87.	Madagascar	Antananarivo	Franc	Malagasy, French
88.	Malawi	Lilongwe	Kwacha	English, Chichewa
89.	Malaysia	Kuala-Lumpur	Ringgit	Malay
90.	Maldives	Male	Rufiyaa	Divehi
91.	Mali	Bamako	Mali Franc	French (official)
92.	Mauritania	Nouakchott	Ouguiya	Arabic, French
93.	Mautitiug	Port Louis	Rupee	English, French,Hindustani
94.	Mercica	Menicocity	Peso	Spansih
95.	Monaco	Monaco	Franc	French, Monagasque
96.	Mongolia	Ulan Bator	Tugrik	Mongolian
97.	Morocco	Rabat	Dirham	Arabic
98.	Mozambique	Maputo	Meticals	Portugeuese, Bantu
99.	Myanmar	Yangon	Kyat	Burmese
100.	Namibia	Wind Hoek	Rand	Engish, Afrikanns
101.	Nepal	Kathmandu	Rupee	Nepali
102.	Netherlands	Amstardam	Euro	Dutch
103.	New Zealand	Wellington	Dollar	Engish, Maori
104.	Nicarague	Managua	Cardoba	Spanish, English
105.	Niger	Nilamey	Franc CFA	French, Hausa
106.	Nigeria	Abuja	Naira	English, Hansa, Ibo and Yoruba
107.	Norway	Oslo	Krone	Norwegian
108.	Oman	Muscat	Omani Rial	Arabic
109.	Pakistan	Islamabad	Rupees	Urdu
110.	Panama	Panama City	Balboa	Spanish
111.	Papua New, Guinea	Port Moresby	Kina	Melanesian Rapuan
112.	Paraguay	Asuncion	Guarani	Spanish, Guraran
113.	Peru	Lima	Sol	Spansih, Quechua
114.	Phillippines	Manila	Peso	Fillipino, English
115.	Poland	Warsaw	Zloty	Polish
116.	Portugal	Lisbon	Euro	Portuguese
117.	Puerto Rico	Sanjuan	Dollar	Spanish, English
118.	Qatar	Doha	Riyal	Arabic
119.	Romania	Bucharest	Leu	Romanian
120.	Russia	Moscow	Ruble	Russian
121.	Saudi Arabic	Riyadh	Riyal	Arabic Jeddah
122.	Senegal	Dakar	Franc CFA	French, Native Language
123.	Singapore	Singapore city	Dollar	Malay, Chinese
124.	Somalia	Mogadishu	Somalishilling	English, Arabic
125.	South Africa	Pretoria and Capetown	Rand	English, Africans
126.	Spain	Madrid	Euro	Spanish
127.	Slovania	Protislava	Euro	Slovak, Macyar
128.	Srilanka	Colombo	Rupee	Singala, Tamil
129.	St. Vincent	Kingstown	Dollar	English, French
130.	Sudan	Khartoum	Dinar	Arabic, English
131.	Swaziland	Mbabane	Lilangeni	English, Swazi
132.	Sweeden	Stockholm	Krone	Swedish
133.	Switzerland	Berne	Franc	German, French, Italian, Romansch
134.	Syria	Damascus	Pound	Arabic
135.	Taiwan	Taipei New	Taiwan Dollar	Mandarin Chinese
136.	Tanzania	Dodoma	Shilling	Kiswahili, English
137.	Tajikistan	Dushanbe	Rouble	Tadzhilk, Russian
138.	The Ukraino	Kiev	Rouble	Ukrainian, Russian
139.	Tailand	Bangkok	Baht	Thai
140.	Tonga	Nukualofa	Paanga	English, Tongan
141.	Turkey	Ankara	Lira	Turkish, Arabic
142.	Uganda	Kampala	Uganda shilling	English, Luganda
143.	United Arab Emirates	Abudhabi	Dirham	Arabic
144.	United Kingdom	London	Pound Sterling	English
145.	USA	Washington DC	Dollar	English
146.	Uruguay	Montevideo	Peso	Spanish
147.	Uzbekistan	Tashkent	The Som	Russian, Uzbek
148.	Vatican City	Vatican City	Lira	Italian, Latin
149.	Venezuela	Caracas	Bolivar	Spanish
150.	Vietnam	Hanoi	Dong	Vietnamese
151.	Western Samoa	Apia	Tala	Samoan, English
152.	Yemen	Sana's	Riyal	Arabic
153.	Yugoslavia	Belgrade	Dinar	Serbo – Croatian
154.	Zaire (Congo)	Kinshasa	Zaire	French, Kiswahili
155.	Zambia	Lusaka	Kwacha	Bantu, English
156.	Zimbabwe	Harare	Dollar	English, Shona

INDIA AND INDIAN STATES & UNION TERRITORIES

Capital : New Delhi

Nationality : Indian

Location : From Latitude : 8`5’N to 37`6’N

From Longitude : 68`7E to 97`25 E

Neighbour countries : 7 – Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh & Myanmar

Area : 32,87,263sq.km.

Total Population : 1,02,70,15,247 (1.027billion)

Males : 53,12,77,078 (531 million)

Females : 49,57,38,169 (496 million)

Population Growth : 24.31%

Males : 20.93%

Females : 21.70%

Density : 324 per sq.km.

Sex Ratio : 933 females per 1000 males

Literary : 65.38%

Males : 75.85%

Females : 54.16%

Total Coast Line : 7516 km.

States : 28

National Capital Territory : 1 (New Delhi)

Union Territories : 6

Lok Sabha members : 545 (543+2)

Rajya Sabha Members : 250

Language : Hindi, English official, 22 – officially

recognised languages.

Religion : Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism, Christianity,

Buddhism, Jainism etc.

Currency : Rupee

Land & Mass : Plains-43.3%, Plateaus-27.7%, Hills-

18.6%, Mountains-10.7%

INDIAN STATES

ANDHRA PRADESH

Capital : Hyderabad

Area : 2,75,045 sq.km.

Languages : Telugu and Urudu

Population : 7,57,27,541

Density : 275 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 61.11%

Lok sabha : 42 seats

Rajya Sabha : 18 seats

MLA : 294

Total Districts : 23

Length of

Coastal line : 974 km.

: Fifth Largest State

: Longest Coastal State

: World’s second income place – Tirupati

Rivers : Godavari, Krishna, Pennaru, Nagarvalli, Suvarnamughi, Vamsadhara, Lamkulya, Tungabadhra, Chitravathi.

Cities : Hyderabad, Visakapatnam, Vijayawada, Guntur,

Rajamundri, Nellore

Tourism Places: Tirupathi, Visakhapatnam Shipping Yard, Buddha

Statue in Hussain Sagar Lake, Golconda Fort,Birla Mandir, Salarjung Museum, Hyderabad-Charminar Badrachalam Temple

Mineral Wealth : Coal, Iron-ore, Manganese, Mica, Lime stone,

Marble, Second place in Lime stone and Mica production.

Crops : Paddy, Paddy field of South India, Dhal, Tobacco,

Sugarcane, Groundnut, Plantain

Industries : BHEL, IDPL-HAL, PTL, PH-Sheela, Vizak-Steel

plant, ECIL, SCCS-Public Sectors, First Place in Asbestos Production.

ARUNACHAL PRADESH

Capital : Itanagar

Area : 83,743 sq.km.

Languages : Nishi, Dafla, Wancho, Tagin, Hillmiri, Miji, Mishmi,

Monpa, Nocte, Alka, Tangsa and Khampti

Population : 10,91,117

Density : 13 (persons per sq.km.)

Literacy : 54.74%

Lok Sabha : 2 Seats

Rajya Sabha : 1 Seats

MLA : 60

Total Districts : 13

Rivers : Kameng, Subarsin, Siang, Lohit, Tirap, Bramaputra

Cities : Ita Nagar, Bomdila, Changlong, Pasighat, Seppa

Tourism Places: Bismark – Archaeological site; Itanagar – Historical

Ita-fort and Ganga Lake Malini – Than – Archaeological site; Nam-dapha – Wild life sanctuary; Paraswaram – kund – Pilgrimage; Tawang- Largest Buddhist Monestary in India

Mineral Wealth: Coal, Crude oil, Limestone, Dolamite, Graphite,

Mica, Iron and Copper

Crops : Rice, Maize, Wheat, Linseed and Fruits. Plantation

like Oranges, Lime, Lichi, Apple, Plum and Cherry

Industries : Small Scale Industries like basket weaving, Carpets

manufacturing, Wooden factories; Tanning of fruits, Oil, Cement, Soap, Wax.

Importance : 1. Least Densely populated area in India

2. East most state of India

3. India’s largest Buddhist Monastery is located at

Tawang.

ASSAM

Capital : Dispur

Area : 78,438 sq.km.

Language : Assamese

Population : 2,66,38,407

Density : 340 (persons per sq. km)

Literacy : 64.28%

Lok Sabga : 14 Seats

Rajya Sabha : 7 Seats

MLA : 126

Total Districts : 23

Rivers : Bramaputra

Citites : Tiprugar, Guwahati, Jorhat, Silsar, Tezpur

Tourism Places : Kamakia - Temple

Umanandha - Navakragha Temple

Kaziranga - (Rhinoceros and Elephant)

National park - Manas Tiger Reserve

Hajesh - Buddhist Monestary

Crops : Tea plantations, Cane, Bamboo

Industries : Tea Industries, Bamboo and Cane Factories, Brass

Utensils and Silk Weaving, Dig-Boi oil wells, Oil

Refineries.

Importance : 1. Largest Tea Producer of India

2. Kaziranga Sanctuary famous for its one horned

Rhinoceros

3. India’s largest oil production comes from Dig-boi

oil wells.

BIHAR

Capital : Patna

Area : 94,163 sq. km.

Language : Hindi, urdu

Population : 8,28,78,796

Density : 880 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 47.53%

Lok Sabha : 40 Seats

Rajya Sabha : 16 Seats

MLA : 243

Total Districts : 37

Rivers : Ganges, Sarayu, Gandak, Son, Damodar, koel,

Swarnarekha.

Cities : Bodhgaya, Jamshedpur, Nalanda, Vaishali,

Sasaram, Aurangabad.

Tourism Places : Betla - Palomau Naional Park; Bhimbandh - Hot

Water springs; Bodh Gaya - Buddhist Pilgrim place;

Gaya - Temple of sun God; Hazaribagh - National

Park/Hill resort; Jamshedpur - Steel City; Maner - Sacred

Muslim Shrine; Nalanda - World’s Earliest Buddhist

University; Parasnath - Jain pilgrim centre; Har Mandir -

Holiest Sikh Shrine; Pawapuri - Lord Mahavir’s death

place; Rajagirja - Pilgrim centre (Buddhist place);

Sasaram - Tomb of Sher Sha Suri; Vaishali - Birthplace of Mahavira;Vikramshila - Old Buddhist University.

Mineral Wealth : Coal, Iron ore, Copper ore, Mica, Limestone,

Bauxite, Clay, Graphite.

Crops : Rice, Wheat, Maize, Ragi, Cereal grains, Sugarcane, Oil

seeds, Tobacco, Jute and Cash crops.

Industries : Tata Iron and Steel Plant; Tata Engineering and

Locomotive Factory; Sindri Fertilizer Factory; Heavy Engineering Corporation; Bokaro Steel Plants; Roni Oil Refinery; Dalmia Nagar Paper factory; Cooking Oil and Cement Factories, Hindustan Copper Corporation Danbad Tin Factory.

Importance : 1. Bodh Gaya - where Buddha was Enlightened

2. Hazaribagh - Sanctuary

3. Nalanda - World's earliest Buddhaist; University –

Hiuen Tsang studied here at 7^th Century

4. Bihar is one of the richest states in Mineral wealth.

CHHATTISGARH

Capital : Raipur

Area : 1,35,191 sq. km.

Language : Hindi

Population : 2,07,95,956

Density : 154 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 65.18%

Lok Sabha : 11 Seats

Rajya Sabha : 5 Seats

MLA : 90

Total Districts : 16

Rivers : Mahanadi, Godavari and Sone

Cities : Bilaspur, Raipur, Raigarh, Korba

Tourism Places : Kamakia - Temple

Mineral Wealth : Bauxite, Coal and Iron

Crops : Jowar, Wheat, Rice, Gram, Oil seeds, Cotton,

Sugarcane.

Industries : Steel Plant, Cement Factories and Thermal Power

stations.

Importance : Baster - Cultural heritage

: 26^th State.

GOA

Capital : Panaji

Area : 3,702 sq. km.

Language : Kongani and Marathi

Population : 13,43,998

Density : 363 (persons per sq.km.)

Literacy : 82.32%

Lok Sabha : 2 Seats

Rajya Sabha : 1 Seats

MLA : 40

Total Districts : 2

Rivers : Mandovi, Zuari, Tiracol, Chopara and Betul

Cities : Vasco - da – gama, Panaji, Terekhol, Marmugoa,

Kovalem

Tourism Places : Anjuna Beach, Miramar Beach, Chapora and

Cabo-de-Rama forts; Chorao-Dr Salim Ali birds

sancturary; Cotigao and Molerm wild life

sanctuary; Dudh sagar and harvalem - waterfalls

of Kovalem - Cathedral Church- Margoa,

Marmagoa, Mayem-Lake resorts

Mineral Wealth : Iron ore, Manganese, Ferro Manganese, Bauxite

and Silica sand

Crops : Rice, Pulses, Ragi, Groundnut, Maize, Jowar,

Bajra, Sugarcane, Coconut, Cashewnut, Arecanut

and fruits like pineapple, mango and banana.

Industries : Mining Industry, Saw – mills, bakeries, Printing

presses, Fruit and Fish Canning

Importance : 1. Bom-Jesus Cathedrawl St. Xavier’s body kept

here

2. Marmugoa Port – mainly fore exporting

Iron ore.

: 25^th State.

GUJARAT

Capital :Gandhi Nagar

Area :1,96,024 sq. km.

Language :Gujarati

Population :5,05,96,992

Density :258 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy :69.97%

Lok Sabha :26 Seats

Rajya Sabha :11 Seats

MLA :182

Total Districts :25

Rivers :Sabarmathi, Mahi, Narmadha, Tapti, Panas,

Saraswathi, Dhaman Ganga

Cities :Ahamedabad, Gandhi Nagar, Jam Nagar, Porbandar,

Rajkot, Sasan.

Tourism Places :Ahamedabad – Jama Masjid, Bhadra Fort, Tomb of Ahamed Sha Abdali, Shaking Minarets, Sabarmathi, Ashram, Cambay – old sea port,Dwarka-Hindu Religious place (Krishna),Karwar- Port and Beach Lothal – Indus valley sites, Modhera – Sun Temple built by King Bhimdev; Patan - Ancient Hindu Capital; Pavagadh – Religious place; Porbandhar- Birth place of Gandhi; Sasan – Gir Lion Sanctuary; Satpura – Hill Station; Somnath- Temple Looted by kazni Mohamed; Surat – Silk City; Baroda Maharaja Fatesin Museum.

Mineral Wealth :Crude oil, Natural gas and salt

Crops :Cotton, Groundnuts, Tobacco, Sugarcane, Mangoes,

Paddy, Wheat, Bajra, Jowar, Maize, Teak, Bamboo

Industries :Textile Industries, In – organic Chemical Industries, Petro Chemical Industries, Drugs and Pharmaceuticals, Electrical and Electronic Goods and Cement Factories etc.

Importance :1. Sardar Sarovar Project on Narmada river used for

irrigation of crops in Gujarat.

2. Ahmedabad is an International Airport

3. Kantla Port is an major port of India

4. Sasan – Gir forest of Lions

5. Surat – Silk City of India.

HARYANA

Capital : Chandigarh

Area : 44,212 sq.km.

Language : Hindi, Haryani

Population : 2,10,82,989

Density : 477 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 68.59%

Lok Sabha : 10 Seats

Rajya Sabha : 5 Seats

MLA : 90

Total Districts : 19

Rivers : Ghaggar

Cities : Kurushetra, Chandigarh, Suraj Kund, Badka lake,

Ambala, Faridabad, Gurgaon, Hissar, Panipat.

Tourism Places : There are 42 Tourist centres in Haryana. Badkhal

lake, Hondal – Dabchick lake, Sultanpur – Sona,

Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary, Pinjore – Yaduvindra

Garden

Mineral Wealth : Limestone, Slate, Dolomite, Building Stones,

Roadmetals, China clay, Marble, Graphite and

Quartzites.

Crops : Cotton, Rice, Wheat, Maize and Bajra

Industries : Cement, Sugar, Paper, Cotton Textiles, Glassware,

cycle, Tractors, Motor Cycles, Time pieces,

Automobiles, Tyres and Tubes, TV set, Steel tubes,

Hand tools, Cotton yarn, Refrigerators, Vanaspathi,

Ghee and Canvas Shoe industries.

Importance : 1. Panipat- “Weavers City” of India.

2. Haryana- The only self sufficient state in food

grains.

3. Haryana- The only self sufficient state in food

grains.

4. Pinjore – Hindustan Machine Tools Factroy

Produces Tractors.

5. Gurgaon – Maruti, Udyog units located here

Kurukshetra – Mahabarata epic place.

HIMACHAL PRADESH

Capital : Simla

Area : 55,673 sq. km.

Language : Hindi and Pahari

Population : 60,72,248

Density : 109 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 77.13%

Lok Sabha : 4 Seats

Rajya Sabha : 3 Seats

MLA : 68

Total Districts : 12

Rivers : Sutlej, Beas, Ravi, Chenab, Yamuna

Cities : Simla, Dalhousie, Dharmasala, kulu, Kasauli, Solan,

Chail, Kufri.

Tourism Places : Narkanda - Ski courses school; Darmasala Nagar-

Meseum cum art gallery; Khajjar - Tourist Resort;

Simla - Hill Station; Dalhousie - Hill Station; Kulu -

Hill Station; Kasauli - Hill Station; Solan - Hill

Station; Chail - Hill Station; Kufri - Hill Station;

Darmasala- Dalai Lamas Head Quarters.

Mineral Wealth : Rock salt, slate, gypsum, limestone, barites,

dolomite and pyrites

Crops : Wheat, maize rice, apples, plums, peaches, apricots,

potatoes, ginger, vegetable seeds and stone fruits.

Industries : Parwanoo - Fruit processing factory; Nahan and

Bilaspur – Resin and Turpentine factory; Solan –

Brewary factory.

Importance : 1. Chamba district – “Switzerland of Himachal”

Darmasala – Dalailama’s Headquarters.

JAMMU AND KASHMIR

Capital : Srinagar (Summer capital)

Jammu (Winter capital)

Area : 1,01,387 sq. km.

Language : Kashmiri, Dogri, Urdu, Ladakhi

Population : 1,00,69,917

Density : 99 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 54.46%

Lok Sabha : 6 seats

Rajya Sabha : 4 seats

MLA : 87

Total Districts : 14

Rivers : Jhelum, Sind, Ravi, Beas, Sutlej, Chenab

Cities : Gulmang, Vaishnodevi, Amarnath, Anatnag, Jammu,

Kargil, Pahalgam, Patnitop.

Tourism Places : Srinagar - Venice of the ancient - Mugal Gardens;

Hazrat bal mosque, Nagina lake; Hari Parbat Fort,

Vaishna Devi - Temple; Hazratbal - Dargah Srinagar-

Ladak - A Confluence of Indo - Tibetian Central

Asian Cultures.

Mineral Wealth : Lignite, Bauxite, Limestone

Crops : Paddy, Wheat, Maize, Apples, Plums, Walnuts,

Almonds

Industries : Kashmir Handicrafts Industries, Cottage Industries,

Rangarath - Electronic Factory, Srinagar - HMT

Factory

Importance : Jammu Kashmir – “India’s Switzerland”

JHARKHAND

Capital : Ranchi

Area : 79,714 sq. km.

Language : Hindi

Population : 2,69,09,428

Density : 338 (persons per sq.km.)

Literacy : 54.13%

Lok Sabha : 14 seats

Rajya Sabha : 6 seats

MLA : 81

Total Districts : 18

Rivers : Damodar, Mayurakshi, Barakar, Koyal.

Cities : Jamshedpur, Bokaro, Dhanbad, Hazaribagh Ranchi

Tourism Places : Sankh, Son, Auranga, More, Karo, Bansoli, South

Koel, Kharkai, Subarnarekha, Ganga, Gumani and

Batane

Mineral Wealth : Iron ore and Coal

Crops : Agriculture is poorly developed

Industries : Steel Plants

: 28^th state

KARNATAKA

Capital : Bangaluru

Area : 1,91,791 sq. km.

Language : Kannada

Population : 5,27,33,958

Density : 275 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 67.04%

Lok Sabha : 28 seats

Rajya Sabha : 12 seats

MLA : 224

Total Districts : 27

Rivers : Krishna, Cauvery, Tungabadra, Beema, Malaprabha,

Vedavati, Hemavathi, Simsha, Argavathi, Laxmana,

Kabini.

Cities : Bangaluru, Belgaum, Mysore, Bidar, Bijapur,

Gulbarka, Hampi, Raichur, Kolar, Srirangapatnam

Tourism Places : Badami - Chalukyas Rock cut temples (Capital of

Chalukians); Bandipur - wild Life Sanctuary;

Bangaluru - Vidhan Soudha, Cubbon Park, Lal Bagh,

Botanical Garden, Fort, Tipu Sultan’s Palace, Bull

Temple, Nandi Summer, Resort; Belgaum - Fort,

Gokak Falls; Bellur - Chenna Kesava Temple;

Bijapur - Gol kumbaz, Ibrahim Roza, Asar Mahal;

Anand Mahal, Mecca Masjid, Halebid -

Joyasaleswara Temples; Hampi - ruins of Vijaya

Nagara Empire; Jog falls - Gerosappa falls; Karwar -

Port and Beach; Mangalore - Port and Beach;

Mysore - Brindavan Gardens, Chamundi Hills,

Maharaja Palace; Nagerhole - Wild Life Sanctuary;

Rangathitoo - Bird Sanctuary; Shravana Bela Gola -

Gomatheswarar statue; Jain pilgrim centre a Aihole -

Rockcut temples.

Mineral Wealth : Iron ore, copper, manganese, chromite and china clay

Crops : Rice, ragi, jowar, wheat, millets, pulses, Sugarcane,

cotton, oilseeds, mulberry, tobacco, coconut,

arecanut, coffee, cashew, cardamon, pepper, oranges

and grapes.

Industries : Bharat Electronics; Bharat Earth Movers; Jallahali -

Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL),

Malleswaram – Kuderemukh Iron ore project,

Badravathy Iron and Steel Plants, HMT, BHEL, ITI,

Importance : 1. Karnataka stands first in raw silk production

(85%)

2. Karnataka Sandal Soap and Sandal oil are world

famous.

3. Karnataka stands first in production of Electronic

Equipments

4. Bangaluru - Electronic City of India

5. Karnataka - The first City which generated

electricity from Gokak falls in 1887

6. Raichur Thermal Power Station

7. Yelalanka - Diesel unit

8. Kaiga (Karwar) - Atomic power plant

9. Mangalore – Seaport

10. Siravana Bela gola - Indias tallest statue of God

Bhagubali (174m)

11. Gol - Gumbaz (Bijapur) - Second largest dome in

the world.

KERALA

Capital : Tiruvanandhapuram

Area : 38,863 sq. km.

Language : Malayalam

Population : 3,18,38,619

Density : 819 ( persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 90.92%

Lok Sabha : 20 seats

Rajya Sabha : 9 seats

MLA : 140

Total Districts : 14

Rivers : Periyar, Neyyar, Pamba, Manimala, Bharadhapuzha,

Malampuzha, Chitharu, Moovattu Puzha.

Cities : Tiruvananthapuram, Cochi, Gururvayur, Alwaye

Tourism Places : Alleppey - Sandy Beach; Calicut -

Vasco-da-gama landed here in 1498 AD; Guruvayur -

Ancient Shrine of Lord Krishna kaladi - Birth place of

Adi Sankaracharya (8^th Century); Kodanad - Trapping

and Taming of Elephants, Tourist place; Kovalam -

sea side resort; Munnar - Highest town of Kerala;

Ponmudi - Famous Hill Station; Thiruvananthapuram -

Padmanaba Swami Temple; Silent valley - Lion tailed

monkey; Sabarimala - Ayyappa Temple; Cochin -

Major Port.

Mineral Wealth : Illumanite, Monasite, Sirsam and Clay

Crops : Rice, Coconut, Rubber, Pepper, Cardomon, Ginger,

Coco, Cashewnut, Coffee, Tea

Industries : Idukki - Hydro-Electric Project

Importance : Cochin - India’s first Private International Airport;

Queen of Arabian Sea; Natural Harbour; Periyar

(thekkadi) – Wild Life Sanctuary; Thumba – Rocket

launching station (Thiruvanandhapuram); Kottayam -

First fully literate Town of India.

MADHYA PRADESH

Capital : Bhopal

Area : 3,08,000 sq. km.

Language : Hindi, Kondi

Population : 6,03,85,118

Density : 196 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 64.11%

Lok Sabha : 29 seats

Rajya Sabha : 11 seats

MLA : 230

Total Districts : 48

Rivers : Narmada, Tapti, Mahanadhi, Chambal, Indravati

Cities : Betul, Bhopal, Gwalior, Indore, Pachmari, Ujjain

Tourism Places : Bagh - 5^th to 7^th century AD caves; Bhopal - Lake side

state capital; Gwalior - Beautiful forts; Jabalpore -

Marble rocks; Khajuraho - Aritistic Activity of

Chandella rulers; Mandu - Jama Masjid, Jahaz Mahal,

Hindola Mahal; Pachmari - Hill Resort; Sanchi - Great

Stupa and Ancient Buddhist monuments; Ujjain -

oldest and holiest city of Kumbh Mela

Mineral Wealth : Coal, Iron ore, Limestone, Dolamite, Bauxite, Copper,

Phosporite, Asbestos, Diamond and manganese

Crops : Jowar, Wheat, Rice, Gram, Oilseeds, Cotton

Sugarcane.

Industries : Potteries, Sugar mills, Straw board mils, Chanderi and

Maheswar - Handloom Weaving Industries, Petro

Chemical Industries, Bhilai Iron and Steel Plants;

Bhopal - BHEL; Korba - Aluminium Factory;

Hosangabad - coin mint factory; Devas - Bank papers

press; Nepa - Paper factory; Cement factory.

Importance : 1. Khana - Khana National Park (Wildlife sanctuary)

2. Madhya Pradesh - Largest state in area

3. Madhya Pradesh - The State in the only producer of

Diamond and Tin ore

4. MP - it comes in the 2nd place in mineral

production.

MAHARASHTRA

Capital : Mumbai

Area : 3,07,690 sq.km.

Language : Marathi, Hindi

Population : 9,67,52,247

Density : 314 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 77.27%

Lok Sabha : 48 seats

Rajya Sabha : 19 seats

MLA : 288

Total Districts : 35

Rivers : Godavari, Bhima and Krishna

Cities : Pandarpur, Nasid, Shirdi, Mumbai

Tourism Places : Ajanta and Ellora - Tourist centres; Ganapathipule -

Religious place; Karla caves - Tourist centre; Lonawala,

Khandla - Hill resort, Buddhist caves; Mahabaleswar-Hill

station; Elephanta caves- Lord Shiva Temple; Panchagani-

Hill station; Sevagram-Mahatma Gandhi Ashram; Shiridi-

Shri Sai Baba Temple; Thodaba-National park (Wildlife

sanctuary)

Mineral Wealth : Iron ore, Coal, Manganese ore Bauxite, Limestone

Crops : Wheat, rice, jowar, bajra, pulses, cotton,

sugarcane,groundnut, tobacco

Industries : Mumbai-Textile mills; Nasik, Aurangabad, Nagpur,Roha,

Tarapur, Ahmednagar-New Industrial Centres;

Maharashtra-Major sugar producing state-Chemical

Industries; Bombay High and Bassein North-Oil fields;

Alibag-Fertilizer unit; Marine Industries and Fish

Processing Units; Motion Picture Industries-Defence Public

Sector Industreis.

Importance : Maharashtra-Major Sugar Producing state; Mumbai

High - Oil fields

Major Ports : Mumbai - India's largest commercial centre; Chowpathy,

Marine Drive, Malabar Hill, Prince of Wales Museum,

Juhu Beach, Elephanta Caves; Santa cruz - Santa cruz

Electronics export processing zone is a free trade zone

(SEEPZ); Mumbai harbour – India's largest Harbour and

Film production centre.

MANIPUR

Capital : Imphal

Area : 22,327 sq.km.

Language : Manipuri

Population : 23,88,634

Density : 107 (persons per sq.km.)

Literacy : 68.87%

Lok Sabha : 2 seats

Rajya Sabha : 1 seats

MLA : 60

Total Districts : 9

Rivers : Tangkhul, Thado, Mao, Kabui, Nepali

Cities : Imphal, Vishnupur, Chandal, Senapathi.

Tourism Places : Churachandpur- Beautiful places inhabited by kuki

Tribe; Imphal - Shri Govindhajee Temple; War

Cementries; Loktak Lake; Lamjoa - Wild life sanctuary;

Khongampat – Orchid Yard; Keipul Lamjao - only

Floating National Park in the world.

Mineral Wealth : Limestone

Crops : Paddy, Maize, Tea, Pine, Cane, Bamboo

Industries : Handloom weaving is the largest single cottage industry,

sericulture, bamboo and cane articles, carpentary,

blacksmith, leather goods.

Importance : 1. Manipur - is famous flower’s paradise (Land of Lily)

2. Lodak – Hydro Power Plant

MEGHALAYA

Capital : Shillong

Area : 22,429 sq.km.

Language : Khasi, Garo and English

Population : 23,06,069

Density : 103 (persons per sq.km.)

Literacy : 63.31%

Lok Sabha : 2 seats

Rajya Sabha : 1 seats

MLA : 60

Total Districts : 7

Rivers : Manda, Damring, Janjiram, Ringee, Ganol Bugi, Simsang,

Kyonsli, khri.

Cities : Cherapunji, Shillong

Tourism Places : Noshji-thiang - Falls; Shillong - Wards Lake; Lady

Hydari Park; Polo ground mini stadium; Elephant falls;

Golf course; Uniam - Lake; Masmai - Caves; Nardhiyang.

Mineral Wealth : Coal, Silmanite, Limestone, Dolomite, Fire clay, Felspar,

Quartz, Glass.

Crops : Potato, Tezpata, Sugarcane, Oilseeds, Cotton, Jute, Mesta,

Paddy, Wheat, Maize, Pineapples, Oranges, Bananas

Industries : Cherapunjee – Cement Factory; Khemaroe – Limestone

mines; Meghalaya essential oils and Chemical factory.

Importance : 1. Cherapunjee – Highest rainfall in the world; Nang

Khyllem – Siju wild life sancturaries; Megalaya –

as “Eastern Scotlant”

MIZORAM

Capital : Aizawl

Area : 21, 081 sq.km.

Language : Mizo and English

Population : 8,91,058

Density : 42 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 88.49%

Lok Sabha : 1 seat

Rajya Sabha : 1 seat

MLA : 40

Total Districts : 8

Rivers : Tlawng, Sonai, Krnaphuli, Thuivawl

Cities : Champal, Saiha, Situal, Aizwal

Tourism Places : Aizwal - Hill city; Religious and Cultural City; Border

Tamil – Natural Lake with Virgin forest Wantawng-Falls.

Crops : Maize, Paddy, Pulses, Sugarcane, Chillies, Ginger,

tobacco, Vegetables, Turmeric, Potato, Banana, Pineapple

Industries : Cottage Industreis (Handloom and Handicrafts); Bamboo

workshops, Saw mills, Brick making, Furniture workshops,

Sericulture; Ginger Beverages; Fruits preservation.

Importance : Mizoram - means “Land of Enchanting Hills”. It is a

Christian State.

NAGALAND

Capital : Kohima

Area : 16,579 sq.km.

Language : Ao, Chang, Chakesang, Sangtam, Konyak, Angami,

Seema and Lotha

Population : 19,88,636

Density : 120 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 67.11%

Lok Sabha : 1seat

Rajya Sabha : 1seat

MLA : 60

Total Districts : 8

Rivers : Dansiri, Doyang, Dikhu, Jhanji.

Cities : Kohima, Mu-chak-chung, Mon, Pek, Tuensang, Wokha,

Zunhaboto

Tourism Places : Dimpapur, Kohima - soldiers monument; Tusque - Valley

Mineral Wealth : Clay, coal, glass, limestone and sand.

Crops : Rice, Jute, Potatoes, Sugarcane, Tobacco

Industries : Nagaland Sugar Mills; Tuli Paper Mills; Handloom,

Handicrafts and Sericulture are the important industries.

ORISSA

Capital : Bhuvaneshwar

Area : 1,55,707 sq. km.

Language : Oriva

Population : 3,67,06,920

Density : 236(persons per sq.km.)

Literacy : 63.61%

Lok Sabha : 21 seats

Rajya Sabha : 10 seats

MLA : 147

Total Districts : 30

Rivers : The Mahanadhi, Brahmani and the Baitarani

Cities : Balasore, Bhawanipatna, Bhuvaneshwar, Chettarpur,

Cuttack, Keonjar, Konark, Rourkela

Tourism Places : Bhuvaneshwar - Temple city (Lingaraja Temple,

Mukteswar Temple, Ananda Basudeva Temple,

Rajarani Temple); Chilka Lake - Kalijai Temple

located centre of The lake konark - Black Pogoda

Sun Temple Nandankanan - Zoological Park; Puri -

Lord Jagannathan Temple, Sea Beach and Car

festival; Dauli - Buddhist Temple; Udayagiri

Khandagiri – Ancient Caves and Buddhist images

Saptasajya – Secenary Hill views Duduma – Water

falls

Mineral Wealth : Iron ore, Manganese ore, Limestone, Dolomite,

Chromite, Coal, Bauxite, Graphite, China clay,

Nickel ore, fire clay.

Crops : Rice, Pulses, Oilseeds, Jute, Sugarcane, Coconut,

Turmeric

Industries : Rourkela - Iron and Steel Plant; Baril - Pig Iron

Plant; Jaipur Road - Ferrochrome Plant; Rengali,

Upper Kolab - Power Projects; Hirakud - Thermal

Project; Talcher - Hydel Project ( Heavy Water

Factory); Sathrapur - SANT - Estate; Manicheswar -

Wagon Repair Depot (WRD); Goragpur -

Aluminium Factory; Angul - Electricity Generations;

Paradeep - Fertilizer Factory.

Importance : Bhuvaneshwar - Temple

Konark- Sun Temple famous for sculpture

Hirakud Dam - India's largest and world’s 4th largest

dam across the Mahanadhi river.

Silka lake - Asia’s biggest salt lake, Birds sanctuary -Simlipul - Tiger Reserve; Golapur, Chandipur - Tourist centre; Chandipur - Rocket Launching Station; Orissa - Famous for Odissi dance.

PUNJAB

Capital : Chandigarh

Area : 50,362 sq.km.

Language : Punjabi

Population : 2,42,89,296

Density : 482 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 69.95%

Lok Sabha : 13 seats

Rajya Sabha : 7 seats

MLA : 117

Total Districts : 17

Rivers : Ravi, Beas, Sutlet, Chnab, Indus, Ghaggar

Cities : Chandigarh, Ambala, Chandimandir, Ludiana,

Jalander.

Tourism Places : Amirtsar - Golden Temple, Durgiana Temple; Jallian

Wala Bagh - Major Tourist attraction; Bathinda -

Built by Rajput Bhatti Rao; Ropar-Ruins of Harappan

city; Taran Taran - Gurudwara in commemoration of

Gunu Ram Das; Kapurthala - Architecture ;

Chandigarh – French Architect “Sicorposia” planned

this “Planned City”

Crops : Wheat, Rice, Maize, Bajra, Jowar, Gram, Barley,

pulses, oilseeds, sugarcane, tobacco, cotton, potato

Industries : Jalander - Science City; Bi-cycles, Autoparts,

Machine and Hand Tools, Sports goods, Surgical

goods, Knit wear, Hosiery, Textiles, Sugar,

Vegetables oils.

Importance : Irrigation Power Projects; Ganjuwal,Kotla, Harika,

Sir Hindu, Madhopur, Bakra Nangal, Mukerian -

Hydel Electric Project; Beas - Sutlej - Project;

Batinda - Guru Nanak Thermal Plant; Ropar - Guru

Gobind singh Thermal Plant.

RAJASTHAN

Capital : Jaipur

Area : 3,42,239 sq.km.

Language : Hindi and Rajasthani

Population : 5,64,73,122

Density : 165 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 61.03%

Lok Sabha : 25 seats

Rajya Sabha : 10 seats

MLA : 200

Total Districts : 32

Rivers : Chambal, Bayas & Luni

Cities : Ajmer, Bilwara, Bikaneer, Chitorgarah, Jaipur,

Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, Udaipur.

Tourism Places : Ajmer - Khwaja - Moinud Din Chisti - Dargah, Mayo

college, Puskar lake; Alwar - Sariska Tiger Santuary;

Bhartpur - Historic Fort, Keoldeo Ghana Bird

Sanctuary; Bikaner - Desert City; Chittorgarh -

Founded by Rajput Hero, Bappa Rawal in 734 A.D., -

Chittor fort; Kirti Stambha - Tower of fame, Rana

Kumbha Palace; Jaipur - Pink Rose Capital City,

Maharaja Palace, Hawa Mahal, Jantar Mantar,

observatory, Museum, Ram Nivas garden; Jodhpur -

A city of sevan gates, Guland; Sagar Lake, Hall of

Heros Mount Abu - Hill resort, Dilwara Temples

(12^th Century) Sariska - Wildlife sanctuary; Udaipur

- Founded by King of Mever Maharana Udai sing;

City of Sunrise; Venice of the East;Sagar Lake; Raj

Mahal, Taj Nivas Palace, Jagmander Place.

Mineral Wealth : Copper ore, Lead, Zinc ore, Gypsum, Red stones,

Limestone (93%), Silver (76%), Asbestos

Crops : Jowar, Bajra, Maize, Gram, Wheat, Oil seeds Cotton,

Sugarcane, Tobacco, Barley, Oranges, Vegetables.

Industries : Textile mills, Rugged and wollen goods, Sugar,

Cement, Glass, Sodium producing unit, Oxygen and

Acetylene producing units, Pesticide manufacturing

Insectisides, Vegetables, dyes, zinc, fertilizer, railway

Wagons, ball bearings, water and electric metres,

Manufacture of caustic soda, Calcium carbide, nylon

And tyre cord units. Handicrafts, marble works

Woolen carpets, leather articles, pottery, jewellery,

embroidery and brass embossing.

Importance : Lead, Zinc, emeralds and garments production

depends on Rajasthan; 94% of country’s gypsum;

76% of silver ore; 84% of Asbestos mined from

Rajasthan; 68% of Felspar; 12% of Mica; Salt

Deposits are found in Sambar Lake.

SIKKIM

Capital : Gangtok

Area : 7,096 sq. km.

Language : Bhutia, Nepali, Lepeha and Limbu

Population : 5,40,493

Density : 76 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 69.68%

Lok Sabha : 1 seat

Rajya Sabha : 1 seat

MLA : 32

Total Districts : 4

Rivers : Ranjith, Lachel, Lackchangu are the tributaries of Teesta

River

Cities : Gangtok, Dubdi, Rumtek

Tourism Places : Bankim - Natural Garden; Changu - Lake; Dubdi,

Phoelong, Thasiding; Rumtek - monestry; Gangtok -

excellent view for Kanchanjunga range; Yaksam - Three

great Lamas meeting place.

Mineral Wealth : High grade deposits of gold, silver, copper and zinc found

recently. Dick-chu-cupper mine.

Crops : Rice, Maize, Wheat, Millet, barley cash crops are

cardamom, orange, potato, citrus, apple and pineapple.

Sikkim has the highest production of cardamom in India.

Industries : Wool weaving and carpet weaving industries. Kalez -

Hydel project; Lachung (North Sikkim) – Hydel project

Importance : Kanchenjunga – Third highest peak of Himalayas;

Sikkim - The paradise for Botanical Scientists; Kashmir

deer and Yak buffaloes are the important forest animals

seen here.

TAMILNADU

Capital : Chennai

Area : 1,30,058 sq. km.

Language : Tamil

Population : 6,21,10,839

Density : 478 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 73.45%

Lok Sabha : 39 seats

Rajya Sabha : 18 seats

MLA : 234

Total Districts : 30

Rivers : Cauvery, vaigai, Tamirabarani, Palar, Bhavani

Cities : Chennai, Trichy, Madurai, Tirunelveli, Tanjore,

Coimbatore, Erode, Salem.

Tourism Places : Mundanthurai, Mudumalai, Kallakkadu, Anamalai - wild

Life sanctuaries; Chennai - Fort St. George; St. Mary’s

Church, Gandhi Mandapam, Marina Beach,

Parthasarathy Temple, Santhome Cathedral, Fort

Museum, Snake Park, Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary,

Guindy wild life Sanctuary, Vandalur Zoological park,

Chidambaram - Natarajar Temples, Nagapatnam,

Nagoor, Nagercoil, Kumbakonam, Chiththanna Vasal -

Monument Centre; Kodaikanal, Cutralam - Hill Stations,

Kancheepuram - Swami Vivekananda Memorial,

Madurai - Meenakshi Temple, Tirumalai Nayakar

Temple, Rock cut Temple at Tiruparankundram;

Mahabalipuram - Famous beach, Solid rock monuments;

Yercaud, Ooty - Hill resorts; Calimere Point,

Vedanthangal - Bird Sanctuary, Pudukottai,

Ramanathapuram, Rameshwaram - Sacred towns built on

an island in the Palk Strait Suruli - Water falls Thanjavur

- Brihadeeswar Temple; Chennai - Crocodile Park.

Mineral Wealth : Limestone, Magnesite, Mica, Quartz, Felspar, Salt,

Bauxite, Lignite and Gypsum.

Crops : Rice, Maize, Jowar, Bajra, Ragi and Pulses, Main

commercial crops are sugarcane, oilseeds, cotton, chillies,

coffee, tea and rubber.

Industries : Cotton Textiles, Chemical Fertilizers, Pepper and Allied

Industries, Diesel Engines, Automobile parts, Cement,

Sugar, Iron and Steel Factories, Railway Wagons and

Coach factories.

Importance : Kalpakkam Atomic Power Plant; Chennai - International

Airport; Chennai and Tuticorin – Major Ports; Tamilnadu

– Chief Exporter of Tanned Skin Leather Goods, Cotton

piece goods, Tea, Coffee, Spices, Tobacco, Vellore –

Asis’s famous CMC – Hospital; Vellore – Asia’s largest

telescope situated; Neyveli – Lignite Corporation of

India, Erode – Famous for Bed spreads and textile mills;

Chithannavasal and Kudimian Malai Arts and Music

cultures; Sivakasi of Tamilnadu; Tuticorin Port – ISO

9002 International Recognised Port; Salem – Salem

Steel Plants; Coimbatore – “Manchester of South India”;

Adyar – Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI); Ooty

– Hindustan Photo films factory; Trichy – Ordinance

factory of Tamilnadu; Chennai – Detroit of Tamilnadu.

TRIPURA

Capital : Agartala

Area : 10,486 sq. km.

Language : Bengali, Kokborak and Manipuri

Population : 31,91,168

Density : 304 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 73.66%

Lok Sabha : 2 seats

Rajya Sabha : 1 seats

MLA : 60

Total Districts : 4

Rivers : Kunti, Kovai, Howrah, Muhthi

Cities : Agartala, Udaipur, Rabindra kavan, Siphaijala,

Kailashgarh

Tourism Places : Bhuvaneshwar Temple, Dumbor Lake, Jumpuri

Hill, Nirmahal Lake Palace, Tripurasundari Temple,

Trishna Wild Sanctuary

Crops : Paddy Wheat, Jute, Sugarcane, Oilseeds, Mesta,

Potato, Pulses, Cotton

Industries : Principal Tea Industry, Handloom Industry,

Handicraft and Khadi Industries.

Importance : Agartala - Airport.

UTTAR PRADESH

Capital : Lucknow

Area : 2,36,286 sq. km.

Language : Hindi and Urudu

Population : 16,60,52,859

Density : 696 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 57.36%

Lok Sabha : 80 seats

Rajya Sabha : 31 seats

MLA : 404

Total Districts : 70

Rivers : Ganga, Yamuna, Kosi, Ram Ganges, Gomathi,

Sambal, Sen.

Cities : Agra, Aligarh, Allahabad, almora, Ayodhya, Badrinath,

Barelly, Chamoli, Dehradun, Eta, Etawah, Faizabad,

Fathepur, Sikri, Firzoabad, Gangothri, Gaziabad,

Gorakpur, Haridwar, Jansi, Kanpur, Lucknow, Varanasi,

Mathura.

Tourism Places : Agra - Tajkahal, Sikendra, Agra Fort, Fatepur Sikri;

Allahabad - Hindu Pilgrimage City; Ayodha - Lord

Rama’s Birth Place, Pilgrim centre; Badrinath - Badrinath

Temple; Etawah - Mugal Town; FAtepursikhri - Sheikh

Salim Chisti Dargah; Gangotry - Birth Place of River

Ganges; Haridwar - Hindu Pilgrim Centre; Jansi -

Historical Place, Jansi Fort, Transit Point for Kajuraho;

Kannaj - Md. Of Ghazni raided place; Kedarnath - Huge

Nandhi statue (sacred bull) in Kedarnath Temple; Madura

- Hindu pilgrim centre, Birth Place of Krishna; Prayag -

Confluence place of Ganga and Yamuna; Saranath -

Buddhist Centre, Deer park, Dharma stupa and Asoka

pillar; Varanasi - Hindu pilgrim centre; Alamgir mosque,

Tulsi Manar Temple, Vishwanath Temple; Yamotri -

Birth place of Yamuna.

Mineral Wealth : Limestone, dolomite, magnetite, coal, copper, gypsum,

glass sand, marble and phosporite

Crops : Wheat, rice, gram, barley, maize, bajra, cotton, linseed,

groundnut, sugarcane, tea, seasam, rapeseed, mustard,

tobacco.

Industries : Cotton and Woolen Industries, Leather and Footwear,

Distilleries and Breweries, Paper, Chemicals,

Agricultural implements and glass products.

Importance : 1. Aligarh – Muslim University

2. Kanpur – Manchester of Indis

3. Lucknow – Wing field Park, Chatter Manzil

4. Rishikesh – “Gateway of kingdom of Gods”

5. Saranath – Deer park

6. Varanasi – Banaras Hindu University

7. Hindon – Ghaziabad and Tanda Waterfalls

8. Corbett National part and Dudhwa Sanctuary, Mussorie

9. Nainital – Hills resorts

10. Uttar Pradesh – Sugar Bowl of India.

UTTARAKHAND (UTTARANCHAL)

Capital : Dehra Dun

Area : 53,483 sq.km.

Language : Hindi

Population : 84,79,562

Density : 159 (persons per sq.km.)

Literacy : 72.28%

Lok Sabha : 5 seats

Rajya Sabha : 3 seats

MLA : 31

Total Districts : 13

Rivers : Ganga, Yamuna and Saradha

Cities : Dehra Dun, Haridwar and Haldwari-cum-Kathgodam

Tourism Places : Holy shrines like Gangotri, Yamunotri, Haridwar,

Kedamath and Badrinath, Resorts like National and

Mussorie. Corbett Nationala Park.

Physiography : It is bounded by UP on the South, Nepal on the East,

Himachal Pradesh on the West and China on the North

East.

Universities : Forest Research Institute at Dehardun, Govind Ballabha

Pant University of Agriculture & Technology at

Pantnagar, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyaloya at

Haridwar, Hemawati Nandan Balmguna Garhwal

University at Srinagar, Kumanu University of Rorkee at

Roorkee

: 27th State

WEST BENGAL

Capital : Kolkata

Area : 88,752 sq. km.

Language : Bengali

Population : 8,02,21,171

Density : 904 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 69.22%

Lok Sabha : 42 seats

Rajya Sabha : 16 seats

MLA : 294

Total Districts : 18

Rivers : Ganges, Damodar, Hubly, Mayurash, Rupnarayan, joy,

Kasai, Teesta.

Cities : Alipur, Asonsol, Bhartman, Kolkatta, Cooch, Behar,

Darjeeling, Durgapur, Hubli, Jalpaiguri, Kharagpur,

Malda

Tourism Places : Kolkata – Howrah Bridge; Victoria memorial; Indian

Museum; Zoological Garden; Dakshineswar Temple;

Shaheed minar; Fort William; Rabindra Sarovar; Nehru

Children Museum; Birla Planetorium; Metro Railway

System; Darjeeling – Hill Station

Mineral Wealth : Coal, China clay

Crops : Rice, Jute, Tea, Potato, Oilseeds, Tobacco, Barley, Maize

Industries : Durgapur Steel Plant; Burdwan Steel Plant; Automobiles, Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals, Aluminium, Ceramic, Jute; Uttarpara, Bellur, Azanzole – Aluminium rolling mills, Paper Industries Leather factories; chittaranjan – Locomotives; Kolkata Garden Reach – Ship Building and defence ordinance units Fruits Vegetables; Durgapur, Haldia – Fertilizer factories, Processing units.

Importance : Haldia - Important Port; Dum Dum - International

Airport; Santhi Niketan – University; Dicca – Beach

Resort; Kolkata – India’s Largest City and World’s third

largest city.

NATIONAL CAPITAL TERRITORY

DELHI

Capital : Delhi

Area : 1,483 sq. km.

Language : Hindi, Punjabi, Urudu

Population : 1,37,82,976

Density : 9294 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 81.82%

Lok Sabha : 7 seats

Rajya Sabha : 3 seats

MLA : 70

Total Districts : 1

Tourism Places : Buddha Jayanthi Park, Chandini Chowk, Connaught

Place, Gurudwara Shahib, Gurudwara Rakab Ganj, Hauz

Khaz, Humayun’s Tomb, India Gate, Jama Majid, Jantar

Mandar, Red Fort, Lodi Tomb, Louts Temple, Birla

Mandir, Mugal Gardens, National Museum, Parliament

House, Purana quila, Rajghat, Vijay Ghat, Veer Bhumi,

Rastrapathi Bhavan, Qutib Minar.

Crops : Wheat, Gram, Rice, Maize, Bajra, Jowar, Sugarcane,

Mustard, Tobacco, Chillies.

Industries : Radios, T.V.s, Chemicals, Fertilizers, Pharmaceuticals,

Leather goods, Machine tools, Soft drinks, Handicrafts

Importance : Indira Gandhi International Airport.

UNION TERRITORIES

ANDAMAN NICOBAR ISLANDS

Capital : Port Blair

Area : 8,249 sq. km.

Language : Hindi, Bengali, Nicobarse, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam

Population : 3,56,265

Density : 43 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 81.18%

Lok Sabha : 1 seat

Total Districts : 2

Tourism Places : Anthropological Museum< National Memorial Carbyns

Cove Beach, Ross Island, Cellular Jail, Dilthaman Tank,

Sarmudrika Naval fleet. Fisheries, Museum, Marine

Museum, Shippighat Water Sports complex,

Mayabunder, Wandoor Beach, Viper Island.

Crops : Rice, Coconuts, arecanut, sugarcane, pulses fruits,

vegetables, spices, rubber.

Importance : Kalapani – Cellular Jail; National Memorial – Sound &

Light show; Chidiya Thopu – Birds Island; Wandoor

Beach.

CHANDIGARH

Capital : Chandigarh

Area : 114 sq.km.

Language : Hindi, Punjabi, English

Population : 9,00,914

Density : 7,903 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 81.76%

Lok Sabha : 1 seat

Total Districts : 1

Tourism Places : Bogain Villa Garden, Deer Park, International Dolli

Museum, Leisure Valley, Log Hut, Museum and Art

Gallery, Punjab University Campus, Sukhna Lake, Rock

Garden Shanthi Kunj, terraced Garden Zakir Rose

Garden.

Crops : Wheat, Maize, Paddy

Industries : Hoisery, Antibiotics, Cycle parts, Electric Meters

Importance : Chandigarh - A well planned City designed by Le-

Corbusier ( French Architect )

Chandigarh : Capital for Haryana and Punjab State.

DADRA AND NAGAR HAVELI

Capital : Silvassa

Area : 491 sq.km.

Language : Gujarathi, Hindi

Population : 2,20,451

Density : 449 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 60.03%

Lok Sabha : 1 seat

Total Districts : 1

Tourism Places : Silvassa, Van Vihar, Van Ganga, Vandhra Gardens,

Bai Udyan, Tadkeshwara Temple

Crops : Paddy, pulses, Ragi, Wheat, Sugarcane, Mango, Chikku,

Lichi and Apple

Industries : No Major Industries

DAMAN AND DIU

Capital : Daman

Area : 112 sq. km.

Language : Gujarathi

Population : 1,58,059

Density : 1411 (persons per sq.km.)

Literacy : 81.09%

Lok Sabha : 1 seat

Total Districts : 2

Tourism Places : Devka Beach, Hilsa Summer Resort, Daman - Jampore

Beach, Nani Daman Jetty Garden; Diu - Ghogla

Children’s park, Jallender Beach, Nagoa Beach.

Crops : Paddy, Wheat, Ragi, Bajra, Jowar, Groundnuts, Pulses

and beans.

Industries : Rinkenvada Industrial Centre

LAKSHADWEEP

Capital : Kavaratti

Area : 32 sq.km.

Language : Malayalam

Population : 60,595

Density : 1894 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 87.52%

Lok Sabha : 1 seat

Total Districts : 1

Tourism Places : Cheriyam, Suheli, Valiyakara, Tinakara - Inter-

National Tourist Centre; Karavetti - Aquarium

Museum ; Maharam Isaland - Tourist Centre.

Crops : Coconut, Bananas, Papayas, Guavas, Sappota,

Citrust fruits.

Industries : Coir Industry, Jaggery Industry, Vinegar Industry,

Boat building yard, Minicoy Island - Canning factory ( Tuna fish processing)

Importance : It is also called as CORAL Island

PUDHUCHERRY

Capital : Pondicherry

Area : 492 sq. km.

Language : Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, English and French.

Population : 9,73,829

Density : 2029 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 81.49%

Lok Sabha : 1 seat

Rajya Sabha : 1 seat

MLA : 33

Total Districts : 4

Tourism Places : Auroville, Bharathiar and Bharadhidasan Memorials,

Boat Club at Chunambar River, Botanical Garden, French

Institute, Government Square, Joan of Arc, Manakula,

Vinayagar Temple, Pondicherry Museum, Aurobindo

Asharam

Crops : Rice, Jowar, Bajra, Pulses, Ragi, Sugarcane, Groundnut,

Cotton

Industries : Textile mills, Sugar mills, Caustic soda plant,

Ceramic tiled manufacturing unit.

Importance : A centre to French Culture in India.

3. TAMIL NADU

ARIYALUR DISTRICT

Capital : Ariyalur.

Area : 1944 sq. km.

Population : 6,95,521

Density : 358 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 64.08%

Agriculture : Cashewnut, Chilli, Coriander, Groundnut

CHENNAI DISTRICT

Capital : Chennai

Area : 174 sq. km.

Population : 43,43,645

Literacy : 85.33%

Tourist Places : Vadapalani, Mylapore, Triplicane, MGR Nagar, Golden

Beach, Crocodile Park, Disney World, Marina Beach, St. George Fort, Thousand Light; Anna Square, MGR Square, Snake park - Children’s Park - Birla Planetorium, Museum.

Industries : Perambur - Integral Coach Factory; Hindustan Teleprinter, Motor Car Factories; Manali – Cycle Factory (ITI), Manali – Tyre Manufacturing (MRF), Manali – Oil Refineries; Manali – Fertilizer Factories; Guindy Industrial Estates, Ambattur Industrial Estates, Avadi - Tank Factory; Sri Perumpudhur – Hundai Car Factory.

Importance : South India’s Biggest City; Marina Beach – World’s SecondLongest Beach.

COIMBATORE DISTRICT

Capital : Coimbatore

Area : 7,469 sq. km.

Population : 42,71,856

Density : 566 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 76.97%

Rivers : Siruvani, Amaravathi

Tourist Places : Velliengiri Sivan Temple, Mettupalayam, Sivan Temple, Perur Patteeswarar Temple, Poondy Murugan Temple, Maruthamalai Murugan Temple, Echanari Vinayagar Temple, Siruvani Dam, Periyar falls, Anai Hills, Valparai, Amaravathy Dam, Thirumurthy Falls.

Industries : Spinning Mills, Electrical appliances, Electronic parts and House hold articles producing factories Kadamparai Hydel Power Production, Tirupur Banian Factories.

Importance : Coimbatore - South India’s Manchester; Coimbatore – Stock Exachange, Leading Industrial Centre, Financial Companies are more, Anaimudi – the highest peak of Tamilnadu (2697m); Valparai – Queen of Hills; Coimbatore – birth place of G.T Naidu, Avinasilingam Chettiyar, C. Subramaniyam, Pollachi Mahalingam.

CUDDALORE DISTRICT

Capital : Cuddalore

Area : 3,678 sq. km.

Population : 22,85,395

Density : 626 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 71.01%

Tourist Places : Chidambaram Natarajar Temple, Ponnambalam Kattu Mannar Temple, Vadalu Sri Ramalinga Adigalar’s Sathya Gnana Sabha.

Industries : Neyveli Lignite Corporation, Neyveli Thermal Power Project, Sugar Factory.

Importance : Thiruppadri Puliyur Sanskrit College, Cuddalore – Birth Place of Thirunavukkarasar, Sundarar, Meikkandar, Ramalinga Adigal, Cuddalore - Port of English, Chidambaram - Chidambaram Annamalai University; Neyveli - Lignite Corporation.

DHARMAPURI DISTRICT

Capital : Dharmapuri

Area : 4,497 sq. km.

Population : 28,56,300

Density : 294 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 61.39%

Rivers : Kaveri, Thenpennai

Tourist Places : Thirtha hills - Chandra Chudeswarai Temple; Subramanya Temple - Rajaji Memorial - Athiyaman Fort, Ozur SIPCOT Centre - Hokenekal falls.

Industries : Match box factories, Metal factories, Fibre factories, Electronic goods production centre, Silk factories, Ozur Industries Estate.

Importance : Vallal Athiyaman of Sanga Age ruled this place as “Thagadur” alias Dharmapuri Dist.

DINDUGUL DISTRICT

Capital : Dindugal

Area : 6,058 sq. km.

Population : 19,23,014

Density : 317 (persons per sq.km.)

Literacy : 69.35%

Rivers : Marutha river, Vardhama river, Pallar, Perunthallaru, Pazappallaru, Kuthiraiyaru

Tourist Places : Palani Dandayutha Pani Swami Temple, Thirumalai Keni Murugan Temple; Dindugal Abirami Amman Temple; Kodaikanal Kodai Festival; Kodaikanal Flower Festival, Rock Fort, Palani, Thirumalai Keni.

Industries : Dindugal Lock is very famous

Importance : Dindugal Locks are manufactured; Angu vilas Tobacco, Groundnut are famous here; Chinnalampatti, Kandangi Silk Sarees are famous; Grape fruits are famous; Training of Leather are famous.

ERODE DISTRICT

Capital : Erode

Area : 8,209 sq. km.

Population : 25,81,500

Density : 314 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 65.36%

Rivers : Cauvery; Noyyal, Bhavani, Salt River, Amaravathi,

Tourist Places : Bannari Amman Temple, Bhavani Sangameswar Temple; Sennimalai Murugan Temple; Kodumudi Veera Narayana Perumal Temple; Parriyur Amman Temple; Sivan Hills, Bhavani Sagar, Erode Periya Mariamman Temple, Thalavadi Hills, Kodiveri Dam.

Industries : Spinning Mills, Oil Mills, Sugar Factories, Tanning of Leather.

Importance : Erode – Second Largest City of Tamil Nadu, Fifth Place in cloth marketing in India, Milk Dairy, Turmeric production, Horse market, Bhavani – famous for Carpets, birth place of E.V. Ramasamy, Dheeran Chinnamalai.

KANCHEEPURAM DISTRICT

Capital : Kancheepuram

Area : 4,433 sq. km.

Population : 28,77,468

Density : 647 (persons per sq.km.)

Literacy : 76.85%

Rivers : Palaaru, Seiyyaru, Adyar.

Tourist Places : Vedanthangal - Bird Sanctuary, Vandallur – Zoo, Disney world, Tambaram - Kiskindha, Mahabalipuram, VGP Golden Beach, Melmaruvathur - Adi Parasakthi Temple, Thirukazhukundram Temple, Kailasanathar Temple.

Industries : Kalpakkam Atomic Power Plant; Leather manufacturing factories; Kancheepuram Silk Sarees; Hindustan Motors Car Factory.

Importance : Pallavaram, Mamandur, Thirukazhukundram, Mamallapuram, Cave temples, Uthramerur, Kudavolai Electrol method of Chola period; Tambaram – Air force station; Meenambakkam - Anna International Airport, Kamaraj Domestic Terminal; Kancheepuram Capital of Pallavas - “Lake Districts”.

KARUR DISTRICT

Capital : Karur.

Area : 2895.57 sq. km.

Population : 9,35,686

Density : 311 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 68.08%

Rivers : Cauvery, Amaravathi, Noyyal, Kodaganaru, Lower Bhavani, Nanganji river.

Mineral wealth : Limestone, Gypsum, White clay

Industries : EID Parry Sugar Mills; Tamilnadu Paper Mills; Co-operative Spinning Mills; Chettinadu Cement Mills; Tamilnadu Asbestos; Hand Spinning and Cloth Production.

KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT

Capital : Nagercoil.

Area : 1684.4 sq. km.

Population : 16,74,034

Density : 733 (persons per sq.km.)

Literacy : 87.55%

Rivers : Palaiyaru, Paraliyaru, Kodaiyaru

Tourist Places : Bagavathi Amman Koil, Kanyakumari Mandai Kadu Bagavthi Koil, Peer Mohammed Mosque, Vivekanandar Mandapam, Kovalam Beach, Mukkadal Sangamam, Thanumalaiyan Koil, Saveriyar Koil, Takkalai Padmanathapuram Place, Nagercoil, Udaygiri Fort, Muttam Beach.

Industries : Fishing, Motor Boat Production, Rubber Factories, Plaster of Paris Production, Rubber Sheet, Foam rubber, Latex Production, Tiruvancore Mineral Limited, Indian Mineral Soil Factory.

Importance : Kanyakumari Point - Metting Place of three Seas, Pandyan Birdge, Birth place of Kavimani, N.S.Krishnan, Seigu Thambi Pavallar Jeeva, Nesamani, Thiruvalluvar statute of 133ft. was erected at the centre of Kanyakumari Sea.

KRISHNAGIRI DISTRICT

Capital : Krishnagiri

Area : 5,143 sq. Km.

Population : 15,46,700

Density : 301 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 58.11%

Rivers : Kaveri, Then pennai, Vanniyaru, Markanta river

Tourist Places : Rajaji Memorial Hall, Sip-cot

Industries : Hosur Industrial Estate

Crops : Rice, Maize, Sugarcane, Ground nut, Cotton, Mango

MADURAI DISTRICT

Capital : Madurai

Area : 3,371 sq.km.

Population : 25,78,201

Density : 733 (Persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 77.82%

Rivers : Periyaru, Vaigai

Tourist Places : Vaigai Dam, Suruli Falls, Thiruparangundram, Alagar Hills, Thirumalai Nayakkar Mahal, Meenakshi Amman Temple, Pazhamuthir Cholai, Kallazhagar Temple, Teppakulam New Mandapam, Gandhi Museum, Vowal Gardens, Khan Shahib Darga, Mother Lurthu Temple, Vandiyur Mariyamman Temple.

Mineral wealth : Panchapatti - “Nava ratna” stones; Arasur - Graphite stones; Sunamabur, Thirumangalam Mellur, Puvanthi Kalai - Crystalline Limestone; Malipdanam metal

Industries : Madura Coats - Meenakshi Mills, Seethalaxmi Mills, Madurai - Industrial Estate; Pandian Chemicals, Electrical and Chemical Factories, Metal Powder Company; Pandia Rajapuram - Sugar Mills.

Importance : Madak Kudal Nagar - 4th Tamil Sangam was inaugurated by Pandithurai Thevar; Thiruparankundram - Mada Koil; Madurai Second Largest city of Tamilnadu; Madurai - famous for Sungudi sarees.

NAGAPATTINAM DISTRICT

Capital : Nagapattinam

Area : 2,716 sq.km.

Population : 14,88,839

Density : 548 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 76.34%

Rivers : Cauvery, Pennary

Tourist Places : Thillaiyadi Valliyammai Memorial Hall, Poompuhar, Nagoor Darah, Tharangampadi

Importance : Narimanam Oil Refinary Station, Mother Velanganni Temple.

NAMAKKAL DISTRICT

Capital : Namakkal

Area : 3,429 sq.km.

Population : 14,93,462

Density : 436 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 67.41%

Rivers : Cauvery

Tourist Places : Thiruchenkodu Arthanareeswaran Temple; Arappalleeswaran Temple, Namakkal Cave Temple, Shri Narashimmer Temple, Kabilar Malai Murugan Temple, Kailasanathar Temple, Kolli Hills, Thiruchengodu Gandhi Ashramam

Industries : Sangagiri - India Cement Factory; Pallipalayam Paper Factory; Thiruchenkodu, Kumara-palayam Spinning Mills.

NILGIRIS DISTRICT

Capital : Ooty

Area : 2549 sq. km.

Population : 7,62,141

Density : 300 (persons per sq.km.)

Literacy : 80.01%

Dams : Mukuruthi, Kundha, Pycara, Clenmorgan, Maravakandym, Upper Bhavani, Emerald, Avalanchi, Porthymandhu, Parsensveli.

Tourist Places : Botanical Gardens, Ooty Lake, Dodapetta, Mudumalai, Wildlife Sanctuary, Sims Park, Kodanadu, Kothagiri, Coonoor, View Point, Kallatti Falls.

Industries : Hindustan Film Roll Factory, Aravangadu explosives factory, Geranium, Phenyl, Eucalyptus oil manufacturing factories, Needle factory, Protein manufacturing factory, Kunda, Pykara Hydel electric project, Astronomical Research Centre.

Importance : Kurumber, Thodar, Kodas, Baniyar, Irullar - Tribal people lives here. Kunda, Pykara, Pykara, Emerald Reservoirs are useful for production of water currents. Wellington military training centre, Highest peak of Ooty is Dodapetta (2672m).

PERAMBALLUR DISTRICT

Capital : Peramballur

Area : 3,691.97 sq. km.

Population : 4,93,646

Density : 278 (persons per sq.km.)

Literacy : 66.07%

Mineral Wealth : Gypsum, Limestone, Coal

Tourist Places : Siruvacchur - Madurakalliyamman Koil, Kaliyamman Koil; Kallakurichi Bala Dandayuthapani Koil; Labbai Kudikkadu Dargah; Biragadeeswara Temple, Sathanoor, Gangai Konda Cholapuram, Sittamalli Reservoir, Duruva Fort, Peacock Falls

Industries : Thuraiyur - Jawahar Sugar Factory; Tamilnadu Cements; Ariyalur - India Cements; Thalavannur-Ramco Cements; Reddipalayam - Darani Cements; Jeyankondam - Venkateshwara Cements - Sakthi Cements

Importance : Highest Cement producer in Tamilnadu; Wood Sculptures are famous; Cotton Research Centre Yet to be functional; Elamballur and Varanavathi - Samathuvapuram, Veeramamuni stayed in Yelakurichi – Madha Temple, Thuraiyur cigars are world famous.

PUDUKKOTTAI DISTRICT

Capital : Pudukkottai

Area : 4,651 sq.km.

Population : 14,59,601

Density : 312 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 71.12%

Tourist Places : Chittanna Vasal; Kodumballur, Viralimalai, Pudukkottai, Thirumayan, Avudayar Koil.

Importance : Pudukkottai - India’s first Princely State joined with Indian Union after India’s freedom; Chittannavasal – famous for art; Kudumiyan Malai- Sculpture famous for Music lessons.

RAMANATHAPURAM DISTRICT

Capital : Ramanathapuram

Area : 4,232 sq. km.

Population : 11,87,604

Density : 287 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 72.96%

Rivers : Vaigai, Kudraru

Tourist Places : Rameshwaram Temple, Yervadi Dhargah, Nainar Temple, Bamban, Navapasanam, Thirupullanai Perumal Temple, Oriyur Church, Rameshwaram Island, Dhanuskodi, Devipatnam

Importance : Rameshwaram - Holy Place for Hindus, Pamban Bridge - famous one, Birth place of Muthuramalinga Devar and Vallal Seethakathi.

SALEM DISTRICT

Capital : Salem

Area : 5,220 sq. km.

Population : 30,16,346

Density : 573 (persons per sq.km.)

Literacy : 65.09%

Rivers : Kaveri, Manimutharu, Vasishta River

Tourist Places : Yercaud - Hill Resort, Mettor Dam, Dharamangalam Temple, Salem Steel Plant, Salem Kandasramam

Mineral Wealth : Iron ore, Limestone, Aluminium ore, Baumite

Industries : Chemical Factories, Sandal Wood Oil Production; Vanaspathi, Soap Production, Salem Stainless Factory, Sugar Factory, Mettur Hydel Power Project .

Importance : Salem India’s largest magnesite production centre -famous for Mangoes.

S – Stainless Steel

A – Aluminium

L – Limestone

E – Electricity

M - Mangoes

SIVAGANGAI DISTRICT

Capital : Sivagangai

Area : 4,086 sq. km.

Population : 11,55,356

Density : 275 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 72.18%

Rivers : Vaigai

Tourist Places : Srivilliputhur Andal Temple; Thiruchchulli Mariamman Temple, Aruppukkottai Venu Gopal Swami Temple; Thirumeni Nathar Alayam, Thiruchulli Nathar Alayam, Bilavakkal Dam, Kundrakuddi Murugan Temple, Pillayarpatti Karpaga Vinayagar, Piran Hills, Kollukudipatti Birds Sanctuary

Industries : Coir Industries, PVC - Pipes, Paper, Chemicals, Nylon zips, Paddy mills, Press.

Importance : World Best Graphite is available; Alagappa University, It was ruled by Marudu Pandyas and Velu Nachiyar; Birth place of Sangam Poetss, Kanian Poongundranar, Okkur Masathiyar, Masathanar, Kambar, Kaviyarasu Kannadasan.

THANJAVUR DISTRICT

Capital : Thanjavur

Area : 3,397 sq. km.

Population : 22,16,138

Density : 649 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 75.45%

Rivers : Vennaru, Kudamuruti, Bhaminiyaru, Arasallaru, Cauvery, Kollidam, Kallanai.

Tourist Places : Thanjavur Brahadeeswarar Temple, Thiruvaiyaru, Tarasuram Iravadhiswarar Temple, Suriya Narayanar Temple, Swami Malai Murugan Temple, Uppliyapuram Temple, Poondi Matha Koil, Saraswathy Mahal, Library, Vallathur Mosque, Adudurain Suriyanar Temple, Sivagangai Park, Kumbakonam, Kallanai, Manora.

Industries : Thanjavur - Paddy reservoir of Tamilnadu; Thanjavur - famous for Temples, Saiva Saints, Manikkavasagar, Sambandhar, Sundarar’s Birth Place, Birth Place of Bharatanatiyam, Thanjavur Biragadeeswara Temple, Karikalan’s Kallanai Dam, Kumbakonam - Silk Production and Trade; Kumbakonam – famous for Mahamagam festival.

THENI DISTRICT

Capital : Theni

Area : 2,899 sq.km.

Population : 10,93,950

Density : 357 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 71.58%

Rivers : Periyaru, Manjalaru, Vaigai, Shanmuganathi

Tourist Places : Suruli falls, Kumbakkarai falls, Megamalai falls, Mavoothu Vellappar Temple, Yellow River Dam, Vaigai Dam, Top Staion, high Wavis.

THIRUVALLUR DISTRICT

Capital : Thruvallur (Old Name – Chengalpattu Dist)

Area : 3,424 sq.km.

Population : 27,54,756

Density : 800 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 76.94%

Rivers : Arani, Koduthallai, Koovam

Tourist Places : Thiruthani Murugan Temple, Thiruvelankadu Sivan Temple, Oothukottai Sivan Temple, Ennore Salt Quarters, Poondi, Puzhal-Water Reservoirs.

Industries : Oil Refineries, Fertilizers, Avadi – Vijayanantha Tank Factory, Cycle Factory, Thermal Plants, Match Box factory, Pencil Factory, Madhavaram Milk Depot, Hindustan Motor Factories.

Importance : Cholavaram lake, Puzhal lake, Poondi lake, Surrutta Palli Sivan Temple (Sleeping Sivan Temple of India)

THIRUVARUR DISTRICT

Capital : Thiruvarur.

Area : 2,161 sq.km.

Population : 11,69,474

Density : 538 (persons per sq.km.)

Literacy : 76.58%

Tourist Places : Vaduvur, Udaya Marthandapuram Bird’s Sanctuary, Mannargudi Raja Gopalasamy Temple, Kamalayam Teppakulam, Ettukudi Murugan Temple, Thiruvarur Chariot was the Model chariot of Thiruvalluvar Kottam (Chennai)

Importance : Birth place of Thiruvarur Thyagaraj Perumal and Chikkal Singara Velar, Thiruvarur selected for the Information Technology Pilot project by Tamilnadu Government.

THIRUVANNAMALAI DISTRICTS

Capital : Thiruvannamalai

Area : 6,191 sq.km.

Population : 21,86,125

Density : 352 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 67.39%

Rivers : Seiyyaru, Tenpennaiyaru

Tourist Places : Arunachaleswarar Temple, Thiruvannamalai Venugopal Temple, Sathanoor Dam, Poondi, Ramana Maharishi Asharamam, Mariamman Temple.

Industries : Seiyyaru Co-operative Sugar Factory, Dharani Sugar factory, Arani Rice Mandi, Silk Weaving Factories.

Importance : Thiruvanamalai Torch is world famous one, It is a place of Saint’s Birth place of Arunagirinathar.

TIRUCHIRAPPALLI DISTRICT

Capital : Trichy

Area : 4,407 sq. km.

Population : 27,18,366

Density : 542 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 77.90%

Rivers : Cauvery, Ariyar, Koraiyar, Ayyaru, Nandhalaru, Uparu

Tourist Places : Thayumanavar Koil, Ranganathar Koil, Sri Rangam, Chambugaswar Koil, Thiruvanai Koil, Uraiyur, Samayapuram Mariyamman Koil, St.Lourd Cathedral, Vayalur Murugan Koil - Tafla - Alam Bhadusha Natharvalli Dargha, Rock Fort Temple, Vallanadu Kallanai - Manapparai, Mukkommbu - Ponniyaru Dam.

Industries : Boiler plant, BHEL, Spinning Mills, Railway Factory, Jewel works, Artificial Diamond works, Sugar factories, Cement factories.

Importance : Trichy Radio Station, Trichy Aerodram, Biggest Railway Factory, Manapparai Murrukku, Musiri - Magnetic Iron available.

THIRUNELVELI DISTRICT

Capital : Thirunelveli

Area : 6,810 sq. km.

Population : 27,23,988

Density : 411 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 76.09%

Rivers : Thamiravaruni, Manimutharu, Chittaru, Anuman Nathi, Nambiyaru, Pachaiyaru, Pambaru, Kodumudiyaru, Kundaru.

Tourist Places : Nellaiyappar Temple, Kurumpala Nathar Temple, Kasi Viswanathar temple, Sankaram Koil, Honey Falls, Senbaga Falls, Five Falls, Tiger Falls, Thirumalaipuram, Ilayangudi Churches, Pottalpudur Mosque, Papanasam, Manimutharu, Kutralam Falls.

Industries : Thalaiyuthu Sankar Cement Factory, Ambai Madura Coats, Vasudevanallur Sugar Mills.

Mineral Wealth : Limestone

Importance : Tirunelveli - Famous for Alwa, Pathamadai mats, Adichanallur famous for Palm trees, Krishnapuram – Sculpture arts, Mundanthurai, Kalakkadu – Tiger sanctuary, Kutralam, Aryakulam, Moondradaippu – Birds Sanctuary, Birth Place of Kattabomman, Pulithevan, Vanchinathan, Pudumaipithan, S.G. Kittappa, Veeramamuni and G.U. Pope served as Christian Father is this district.

VELLORE DISTRICT

Capital : Vellore.

Area : 6077 sq. km.

Population : 34,77,317

Density : 573 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 72.36%

Rivers : Palaru, Ponniyaru

Tourist Places : Vellore – Jallakandeshwarar Temple, Vallimalai Murugan Temple, Mahadeva Malai Temple, Renganathar Temple, Vellore Fort, Vellore Muthumandapam, Elagiri Forest, Amirthi Forest, Javvadhu Hills, Kavallur Astronomical Research Centre.

Industries : Ranipet Factory, BHEL, Enfield, E.I.D. Parry Factory, Kudiyatham Match Factory, Ambur Sugar Factory, Vaniyambadi - Leather Tannery, MRF Tyre Factory, Sandal Factory, Stainless Steel Plants.

Importance : CMC Hospital - Asia’s biggest hospital for SLRTC - World famous Research Centre, Kavvalur - Asia’s Largest Telescope, Elagiri, Javvathu, Rathnagiri Hills.

VILLUPURAM DISTRICT

Capital : Villupuram.

Area : 7,217 sq.km.

Population : 29,60,373

Density : 406 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 63.80%

Rivers : Komuki, Manimutharu, Veedur Reservoir.

Tourist Places : Thirukovilur Dhabavanam, Chenji Fort, Kalvarayan Hills, Thiruvakkarai, Komuki Dam, Veedur Dam, Manimutharu Dam, Marakkanam Beach.

Industries : Sugar Factories, Small Industries, Fish Tanneries.

Importance : Chenji Fort, Capital of Desingu Raja, Villupuram – Birth Place of Tamilnadu’s first Chief Minister Omanthur Ramaswamy Reddiar, Kanchi Periyar, Nandhanar.

VIRUDHUNAGAR DISTRICT

Capital : Virudhunagar.

Area : 4,288 sq. km.

Population : 17,51,301

Density : 409 (persons per sq. km.)

Literacy : 73.70%

Rivers : Arjuna, Kundaru, Vaipparu, Kousica

Tourist Places : Pilavakkal Dam, Kamaraj Memorial, Srivilliputhur Andal Temple, Irrukkangudi Mariyamman Temple, Ayyanar Koil Falls.

Mineral Wealth : Balanatham, Pandangudi - Limestone, Aruppukottai - White Stones, Thiruchuli - Plumbago Stones, Gypsum

Industries : Sivakasi - Matches and Crackers factories, Litho Calendar Press, Rajapalayam Mills, kamaraj Cotton Mills, Virudhunagar Texitiles, Cotton Processing Factory, Madras Cements, Tamilnadu Cements, Alagulam, Tulukkapatti Cement Mills, Madrass Chipboard Factory, Nib factories, TIDCO, SIPCOT, Industrial Estates.

Importance : Sivakasi - Japan of Tamilnadu, Rajapalayam - famous for dogs, Srivilliputhur Chariot - Highest Chariot of Tamilnadu, Birth Place of Kumarasamy Raja, Kamarajar, Ramana Maharishi.

THE END

OUR VOLUNTEERS

L.Margaret

Palpandi .S

ARCHCARDINAL DR.ERIC OFORI - ATTA

SEKAR C

Dr Renu Raj

ARUL FRANCO. P

Karalmarx T

T.Karalmarx

Dr KS Antonysamy

Acharya Nilamegame